Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol.Avoid crowds and indoor places that have poor air flow (ventilation).Keep in mind some people may have COVID-19 and spread it to others, even if they don't have symptoms or don't know they have COVID-19. This is especially important if you have a higher risk of serious illness. Keep distance between yourself and others when you're in indoor public spaces if you're not fully vaccinated.Avoid close contact with anyone who is sick or has symptoms.The CDC recommends following these precautions: However, if you are in an area with a high number of people with COVID-19 in the hospital and new COVID-19 cases, the CDC recommends wearing a mask indoors in public. If you're up to date with your vaccines, you can more safely return to doing activities that you might not have been able to do because of the pandemic. If one community achieves a high COVID-19 vaccination rate and surrounding areas don't, outbreaks can occur if the populations mix. The distribution of COVID-19 vaccines has greatly varied among and within countries. However, although COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing severe illness from current and possibly future variants, people who are vaccinated and up to date on their vaccines may still get breakthrough infections and spread the virus to others. Research suggests that COVID-19 vaccination results in a low risk of infection with the COVID-19 virus for at least six months. If the proportion of vaccinated people in a community is below the herd immunity threshold, a contagious disease could continue to spread. Some people object to getting a COVID-19 vaccine because of religious objections, fears about the possible risks or skepticism about the benefits. Food and Drug Administration has approved two COVID-19 vaccines and given emergency use authorization to a handful of COVID-19 vaccines.īut reaching herd immunity through vaccination against COVID-19 will likely be difficult for many reasons. Herd immunity makes it possible to protect the population from a disease, including those who can't be vaccinated, such as newborns or those who have compromised immune systems. Using the concept of herd immunity, vaccines have successfully controlled contagious diseases such as smallpox, polio, diphtheria, rubella and many others. Unlike the natural infection method, vaccines create immunity without causing illness or resulting complications. Herd immunity also can be reached when enough people have been vaccinated against a disease and have developed protective antibodies against future infection. The health care system could quickly become overwhelmed. Infection with the COVID-19 virus could lead to serious complications and millions of deaths, especially among older people and those who have existing health conditions. Because reinfection can cause severe medical complications, it's recommended that people who have already had COVID-19 get a COVID-19 vaccine. However, even if you have antibodies, you could get COVID-19 again. It's estimated that getting COVID-19 results in a low risk of another infection with a similar variant for at least six months. There are some major problems with relying on community infection to create herd immunity to the virus that causes COVID-19: Some scientists call this hybrid immunity. Recent research also suggests that people who got COVID-19 in 2020 and then received mRNA vaccines produce very high levels of antibodies that are likely effective against current and, possibly, future variants. A recent study showed that unvaccinated people who already had COVID-19 are more than twice as likely as fully vaccinated people to be reinfected with COVID-19. In addition, COVID-19 vaccination might offer better protection than getting sick with COVID-19. It's estimated that getting COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination both result in a low risk of another infection with a similar variant for at least six months.īut because reinfection is possible and COVID-19 can cause severe medical complications, it's recommended that people who have already had COVID-19 get a COVID-19 vaccine. Getting COVID-19 offers some natural protection or immunity from reinfection with the virus that causes COVID-19.
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